|
Real Determinants of Human Operant Behavior |
| Wednesday, November 15, 2017 |
| 3:00 PM–3:50 PM |
| Scene AB, Niveau 0 |
| Area: VBC; Domain: Basic Research |
| Instruction Level: Basic |
| CE Instructor: Koichi Ono, Ph.D. |
| Chair: Ingunn Sandaker (Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences) |
| KOICHI ONO (Komazawa University) |
 Dr. Koichi Ono is professor of psychology at Komazawa University in Tokyo, where he has conducted research and taught behavior analysis for 33 years. His scholarly publications, authored in Japanese and English, have appeared in journals from four different continents. Professor Ono was among the first to demonstrate the effects of a superstitious behavior in humans (Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1987). He subsequently developed a conceptual analysis of superstitions as false rules. Three other major themes in Dr. Ono's research have been (1) the effects of the history of contingency-controlled behavior on subsequent performance, (2) an analysis of conditions under which free choice is preferred over forced choice, and (3) complex stimulus control. His work has also involved careful cross-species comparisons. For example, in an important paper in Behavioural Processes, Dr. Ono and colleagues used an ingeniously simple matching-to-sample task to reveal different controlling relations in humans and pigeons. Dr. Ono has provided significant leadership and service to the large and active Japanese Association for Behavior Analysis (J-ABA). He was editor of the Japanese Journal of Behavior Analysis (1994-1997), and for 6 years served as president of J-ABA (1997-2003). As a visiting research fellow in Wales and the United States, Dr. Ono has also brought knowledge from Japanese behavior analysis to the international community. |
| Abstract: Principles of behavior ought to be shared by human and non-human organisms. However, many studies have shown that in similar circumstances human behavior often differs from non-human behavior. This discourse explores some variables that uniquely operate on human behavior. The most critical feature of human operant behavior is that verbal behavior and nonverbal behavior are intermingled in time. Both verbal and nonverbal responses may enter into common three-term contingencies of reinforcement and punishment. For example, verbal stimuli can evoke emotional changes and can work effectively as an establishing operations. For example, aversive verbal messages spoken or written by others may lead people to engage in avoidance behavior. Verbal events can also function as discriminative stimuli or reinforcing stimuli, as shown in our daily life. Thus, to clarify the variables controlling human operant behavior, an integrated perspective on human behavior must include an analysis not only of how verbal behavior and nonverbal behavior interact with each other, but also of what happens when verbal and nonverbal contingencies conflict with each other and produce inconsistencies in verbal-nonverbal correspondences. |
| Target Audience: Licensed behavior analysts, psychologists, graduate students. |
| Learning Objectives: At the conclusion of the presentation, participants will be able to: (1) Humans are mostly affected by precedent contingency history; (2) Precedent verbal stimuli are critical determinants of human operant behavior; (3) Reinforcing events for humans is often delayed, improbable, and small. |
|
| |