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| Advances in the Analysis of Everyday Behavior |
| Saturday, May 23, 2015 |
| 4:00 PM–4:50 PM |
| 007C (CC) |
| Area: TPC |
| Keyword(s): Behavior |
| Chair: Michael C. Clayton (Missouri State University) |
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| Distracted Driving: Naturalistically Reconsidered |
| Domain: Theory |
| MICHAEL C. CLAYTON (Missouri State University) |
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| Abstract: Distracted driving is an acknowledged problem (3,092 Americans killed in 2010) that contributes to the deadliness of our highways and is comparably worse than drunk driving. Driving while intoxicated reduces reaction time by 35% while distracted driving results in a 91% decrease. Distracted driving includes talking on the cell phone, texting, and attending to electronic devices included with the automobile. Hands-free devices do not mitigate the problem and remain just as dangerous (4x more likely to have a crash causing injury), while talking to a passenger or listening to the radio does not increase the likelihood of an accident significantly. This phenomenon is interesting in its own right, but also presents a challenge for more behaviorally oriented viewpoints. What is it about talking to someone on the phone that distracts us so much? Drivers continue to have their eyes on the road, why does reaction time become impaired? Cognitive psychologists are well equipped to describe the phenomena and its theorized causes but a behavioral analysis of distracted driving has not yet been put forth. This is problematic because a robust philosophy of science like radical behaviorism must be able to stand toe-to-toe with other systems when it comes to complex human behavior. Skinner’s radical behaviorism provides the conceptual tools to describe distraction, as does Kantor’s interbehaviorism. The current paper attempts a thoroughgoing analysis of distraction using the conceptual tools of radical behaviorism and interbehaviorism and compares the two, while contrasting these behavioral analyses to that provided by cognitive psychology. |
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| Behavioral Contingency Analysis of Motor-Skill Behavior |
| Domain: Theory |
| PARSLA VINTERE (Queens College, City University of New York) |
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| Abstract: Because movement is a function of a combination of processes and restrictions both in the organism and the environment it is diverse in its form and function across motor skill performers. The most noticeable difference is in the topography of motor-skill behavior, which has been studied the most by various disciplines. Movement by itself is rarely a central focus of the field of behavior analysis but behavioral contingencies that are influencing and sustaining movement are. Motor-skill behavior is a function of multiple contingencies, such as time, external events and ongoing behavioral processes and it needs to be examined by using a nonlinear approach to analysis of behavior. The purpose of this paper is to examine the motor-skill practice situations and contingencies associated with them. Two practice situations, skilled performance and therapeutic exercise practice, are examined. Similarities and differences of the two practice situation contingencies are discussed. The benefits of applying this kind of analysis in coaching and therapy are discussed. |
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| Keyword(s): Behavior |
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