|
International Paper Session - Conceptual Issues in Behaviour Analysis: I |
Monday, August 13, 2007 |
9:00 AM–10:20 AM |
L2 Room 3 |
Area: TPC |
Chair: Sigrid S. Glenn (University of North Texas) |
|
Toward Experimental Analysis of the Evolution of Cultural Organization. |
Domain: Theory |
SIGRID S. GLENN (University of North Texas) |
|
Abstract: Behavior analysts as well as scientists from other disciplines have contributed to the analysis of the interrelated behavior of humans in outer space and the transmission of individual behavior across “generations” in experimental microsocieties. However, the relation between individual behavior (and its maintaining contingencies) and the origin and evolution of the interlocking behavioral contingencies that constitute cultural organization has received little experimental attention. A promising start in conducting experimental analysis of how human interactions become organized into cultural units was made by sociologists of the 1970’s; but the rising tide against behaviorism drove almost all of those pioneers to other paradigms. This paper will summarize the key elements of experimental studies designed to model contingencies of selection at both behavioral and cultural levels, with particular emphasis on the effect of contingencies at one level on the contingencies at the other. |
|
Developing Clinical Technologies to Understand Client Behaviour in Context: Valued Outcomes Analysis. |
Domain: Theory |
VICKI BITSIKA (Bond University) |
|
Abstract: Some recent developments in functional analytic technologies have addressed comments by Sugai, Horner and Sprague (1999) regarding the need to describe behavioural difficulties within the context of natural routines and settings. Of particular interest is the work done by researchers such as Tiger, Hanley and Bessette (2006), who have focused on providing more specific and detailed interpretations of the behaviour-function relationship. Despite these extensions to the original Functional Analytic methodology, some of these issues continue to present challenges to the application of Functional Analysis in everyday clinical practice. This paper presents a further attempt to extend Functional Analytic procedures so that the contextual analysis of client behaviour includes the client him/herself. This extension, called “Valued Outcomes Analysis”, is described and compared to existing Functional Analytic procedures. Its applicability to clinical situations is demonstrated by reference to the difficult behaviour exhibited by a six year old boy with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. |
|
Using the Principles of Behavior Analysis to Further Our Influence with Other Scientists. |
Domain: Theory |
CRISS WILHITE (California State University, Fresno) |
|
Abstract: Radical behaviorism has a long history of research across the subject matter of psychology, yet it is a misunderstood and minority perspective. Many authors have offered reasons for this; still the problem persists. We suggest that radical behaviorists use the principles of applied behavior analysis to change our position among other scientists: magazine train others to approach us (be friendly and helpful); start at the skill level of the persons we are influencing (read their work and be able to relate it to our own); use positive practice to shape behavioral language, behavioral referencing and behavioral research; engage in collaborative research and be generous with the reinforcers of academe (authorship and funding); refrain from using aversives such as sarcasm, frowns, and derision; use behavioral momentum to develop participation in behavioral research and conferences. We will further our field more readily by developing actual changes in the behavior of other scientists than by complaining about our position. An added benefit to this approach is that we will become more familiar with the good research conducted outside our discipline and our own research may be enhanced. |
|
|
|